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what is diabetes ?

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Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat.
       
Diabetes causes
  • The body is cells do not respond properly to insulin 
  • Insulin  production is inadequate.

Type 1 diabetes

The body does not produce insulin.Some people may refer to this type as insulin-dependent diabetes. People usually develop type 1 diabetes before their 40th year, often in early adulthood or teenage years.
Approximately 10% of all diabetes cases are type 1.
Symptoms include excessive excretion of urine (polyuria), thirst (polydipsia), constant hunger, weight loss, vision changes, and fatigue. These symptoms may occur suddenly.
Treatment
Patients with type 1 diabetes will need to take insulin injections for the rest of their life.

Type 2 diabetes

The body does not produce enough insulin for proper function, or the cells in the body do not reaction to insulin ( insulin resistance ). Approximately 90% of  all cases of diabetes worldwide are type 2.
Symptoms may be similar to those of type 1 diabetes, but are often less marked. As a result, the disease may be diagnosed several years after onset, once complications have already arisen.
Until recently, this type of diabetes was seen only in adults but it is now also occurring increasingly frequently in children.
Treatment
Some people may be able to control their type 2 diabetes symptoms by:
  • Losing weight 
  • Following a healthy diet 
  • Doing plenty of exercise 
  • Monitoring their blood glucose levels.

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is hyperglycaemia with blood glucose values above normal but below those diagnostic of diabetes, occurring during pregnancy.
Women with gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of complications during pregnancy and at delivery. They and their children are also at increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the future.
Gestational diabetes is diagnosed through prenatal screening, rather than through reported symptoms.
Laboratory diagnosis

The A1C test for diabetes allows doctors to see glucose levels over a two- to three-month period. It's used to monitor blood sugar levels as well 

The fasting plasma glucose test (FPG) is the preferred method of screening for diabetes. ... A normal fasting blood glucose level is fewer than 100 milligrams per deciliter or mg/dL. ... A doctor will diagnose you with diabetes when the fasting blood glucose shoots above 126 mg/dL and when ...
Image result for fpg test
OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test)
The glucose tolerance test is a lab test to check how your body moves sugar from the blood into tissues like muscle and fat. ...
Image result for ogtt test
Controlling diabetes

Reference: 
www.time2026end.com
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1DHHKSQEIRxjvFAaZ_B3p036Ok5li0Mn1
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthworks.my%2F5-ways-check-diabetes%2Ffasting-plasma-glucose-test%2F&psig=AOvVaw14Y8yBbb2Q2iFjaRuCsXv0&ust=1581998024435000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAMQjB1qFwoTCNDNj4zY1-cCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
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