Immune System, part 1: Crash Course A&P #45

Our final episodes of Anatomy & Physiology explore the way your body keeps all that complex, intricate stuff alive and healthy -- your immune system. The immune system’s responses begin with physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, and when they’re not enough, there are phagocytes -- the neutrophils and macrophages. It also features the awesomely named natural killer cells and the inflammatory response, and we'll explain how all of these elements work together to save the day if you happen to slip on a banana peel.

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Microscopic examination of urine

Microscopic examination of urine expressing microscopically observed leucocytes, erythrocytes, and casts in urine, both with centrifugation, Testing Specimen: Urine patient Equipment: tube, centrifuge,timer,pipette transfer,microscope side, cover slip,microscopy Testing: Urine take in tube 3/4 of tube Take to centrifuge 3000rmp/1mn at 5 minutes Decant out of above liquid Pipette transfer sucks sediment take on microscope side and cover slip Examination with microscopic Result: Reference: www.time2026end.com Laboratory book livre de lavoratorie 1th edition 1999 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fe-learning.studmed.unibe.ch%2FUroSurf_EN%2Ftheory%2Fsedimethods2.html%3Furosurf%7Ctheory%7Csediment%7Csedimethods%7C2&psig=AOvVaw0KIQHg49jHVyHFdvza_3TL&ust=1582250323839000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAMQjB1qFwoTCNDK8fmD3-cCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAg

MacConkey Agar

MacConkey Agar MacConkey agar is a selective and differential media used for the isolation and differentiation of non-fastidious gram-negative rods, particularly members of the family Enterobacteriaceae . Composition MacConkey agar is used for the isolation of gram-negative enteric bacteria and the differentiation of lactose fermenting from lactose non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria. Pancreatic digest of gelatin and peptones (meat and casein) provide the essential nutrients, vitamins and nitrogenous factors required for growth of microorganisms. Lactose monohydrate is the fermentable source of carbohydrate. The selective action of this medium is attributed to crystal violet and bile salts, which are inhibitory to most species of gram-positive bacteria. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance in the medium. ...

Triple Sugar Iron Test

The Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Test To determine the ability of an organism to ferment glucose, lactose, and sucrose, and their ability to produce hydrogen sulfide. Principle The Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) test is a microbiological test named for its ability to test a microorganism’s ability to ferment sugars and to produce hydrogen sulfide. An agar slant of a special medium with multiple sugars constituting a pH-sensitive dye (phenol red), 1% lactose, 1% sucrose, 0.1% glucose, as well as sodium thiosulfate and ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate is used for carrying out the test. . Due to the building of acid during fermentation, the pH falls. The acid base indicator Phenol red. is incorporated for detecting carbohydrate fermentation that is indicated by the change in color of the carbohydrate medium from orange red to yellow in the pres...

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