Skip to main content
By ok learning
Immunology

 Type of Immunology are:

Innate Immunity              Acquired Immunity
Structure&
Mechanism of
Actions
-Have external barriers
-1st line defense
-Very quick
-Exist from birth
-Have external barriers
-2st line defense
-Delay
-Activated after the exposure to micro-organisms
Specificity
-No specificity
-Only act against micro organism
-Doesn’t act against our own body
-Less potent
-More specific
-Act against micro- organism and other foreign subjects
-Sometimes act against our own body
-More potent
Receptors
Limited diversity
More diversity
Cells
Phagocytes and NK cells
Lymphocytes
Molecules
Natural antibodies presenting epithelial layers
Antibodies are present
Memory
No
yes
Exposure
Response will not change due to repeated exposure
Increased affinity and antibody levels with repeated exposure




v  Innate Immunity are:
·         External Immunity:
-Physical barriers: Skin, Mucosal, Natural reflexes
-Chemical barriers: Enzymes (Lysozyme in tears), HCL (gastric juice), Saliva
-Biological barriers: Non pathogenic bacteria
·         Internal Immunity are:
-Phagocytes: Monocytes(Blood), Microglial cell(Brain), Kuffer cell(Liver), Alveolar macrophages(Lungs), Osteoclast(Bone), Langerhan cells(Skin), Synovial A cells(Joint)
-Molecules: Acute phase proteins complements
v  Acquired Immunity are:
·         Humoral or B cell immunity
-Molecules involve:
B Lymphocytes: Memory cells, Plasma cells, Antibodies(Ig G, Ig A, Ig M, Ig D, Ig E)
-Involve Cytokines
-Complements involve(Antibody G,M involve)
·         Cells medicated or T cell Immunity
-Cells involve:
T Lymphocytes: T helper cells, Cytotoxic T cells, Memory cells











Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Triple Sugar Iron Test

By
The Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Test  To determine the ability of an organism to ferment glucose, lactose, and sucrose, and their ability to produce hydrogen sulfide. Principle The Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) test is a microbiological test named for its ability to test a microorganism’s ability to ferment sugars and to produce hydrogen sulfide. An agar slant of a special medium with multiple sugars constituting a pH-sensitive dye (phenol red), 1% lactose, 1% sucrose, 0.1% glucose, as well as sodium thiosulfate and ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate is used for carrying out the test.  . Due to the building of acid during fermentation, the pH falls. The acid base indicator Phenol red. is incorporated for detecting carbohydrate fermentation that is indicated by the change in color of the carbohydrate medium from orange red to yellow in the pres...
Post a Comment
Read more

Microscopic examination of urine

By
Microscopic examination of urine expressing microscopically observed leucocytes, erythrocytes, and casts in urine, both with centrifugation, Testing  Specimen: Urine patient Equipment: tube, centrifuge,timer,pipette transfer,microscope side, cover slip,microscopy Testing: Urine take in tube 3/4 of tube Take to centrifuge 3000rmp/1mn at 5 minutes Decant out of above liquid  Pipette transfer sucks sediment take on microscope side and cover slip Examination with microscopic Result: Reference: www.time2026end.com Laboratory book livre de lavoratorie 1th edition 1999 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fe-learning.studmed.unibe.ch%2FUroSurf_EN%2Ftheory%2Fsedimethods2.html%3Furosurf%7Ctheory%7Csediment%7Csedimethods%7C2&psig=AOvVaw0KIQHg49jHVyHFdvza_3TL&ust=1582250323839000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAMQjB1qFwoTCNDK8fmD3-cCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAg
Post a Comment
Read more

Urease Test

By
Urease Test The urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split urea, through the production of the enzyme urease. Principle  Urea  is the product of decarboxylation of  amino acids . Hydrolysis of  urea  produces  ammonia  and  CO2 . The formation of  ammonia  alkalinizes the medium, and the pH shift is detected by the color change of  phenol red  from  light orange  at pH 6.8 to  magenta (pink)  at pH 8.1. Rapid urease-positive organisms turn the entire medium  pink  within 24 hours. Weakly positive organisms may take several days, and negative organisms produce  no color change  or  yellow  as a result of  acid production . Uses  1.     This test is used to differentiate organisms based on their ability to hydrolyze urea with the enzyme...
Post a Comment
Read more